Management of refractory angina in the contemporary era

Management of refractory angina in the contemporary era.

Refractory angina pectoris is a debilitating disease characterized by angina resistant to conventional therapies for coronary artery disease including drug therapy, percutaneous coronary interventions, and/or coronary artery bypass grafting. Individuals with refractory angina may suffer severely impaired quality of life, with recurrent and sustained chest pain, poor general health status, psych...

Management of refractory angina pectoris.

Despite significant advances in revascularization techniques and medical therapy, there remains a significant population of patients who continue to have intractable angina symptoms. This review aims to define the patients with refractory angina pectoris (RAP) and to present the therapeutic options currently available for this condition. RAP itself is defined and the pharmacological treatment o...

Nonconventional therapeutic modalities in refractory angina pectoris

    Abstract   Despite sophisticated conventional medical treatment and the continued development   and improvement of coronary revascularization modalities in recent years, a significant   number of patients still suffer from refractory angina pectoris and cannot be successfully   managed. Advances in therapeutic options have led to an increase in the average of life   expectancy even in such ...

Investigating the Impact of the Contextual Developments on the Concept of House in Contemporary era

    Although there is a belief in the interaction of context and architecture, recognizing, defining, and managing this issue faces fundamental challenges that reveal the need for a deeper understanding of the concept of contextual and architectural interaction. Context features, regardless of the subject, have a direct impact on the nature of an architectural work. These characteristics are re...

Theory in the Contemporary Era